Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- howto:install_sata [2019/05/03 14:55]
jjlrm rends l'argent
+++ howto:install_sata [2019/05/20 01:07] (current)
tierce old revision restored (2018/12/08 22:28)
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[12:51] == franciliensRendsLArgent [webchat@EF99D60C.6A694E56.394F442.IP] has joined #franciliens.net
+//Disclaimer: what follows is true for LIME and LIME2 hardware.//
-[12:51] abitbolg4458 [ocabot@cnx-117.at.franciliens.net] requested CTCP TIME from franciliensRendsLArgent:
-[12:51] <franciliensRendsLArgent> bonjour
+Installing the system on a SATA drive is not straightforward, mainly for one reason : the LIME(2) cannot boot from the SATA port. To make it work, you need to leave a minimal system on the SD card (the ''/boot'' folder) so the bootloader can find a kernel to boot, then the kernel will seek the rest of the system on the SATA drive.
-[12:51] <travis> Okay yhargla ! Et donc (désolé, je suis un peu un jeune padawan..............) , si j'ai bien compris, le dd sata je le laisse en continue branché à la brique ?
-[12:51] <franciliensRendsLArgent> yhargla: rends l'argent
+Let's start with a working cube, with the system running from the SD card and a SATA drive plugged. You are logged in as root on your cube.
-[12:51] <franciliensRendsLArgent> travis: rends l'argent
-[12:51] -abitbolg4458- You will be able to talk on #franciliens.net in 240 seconds. / Vous pourrez parler sur #franciliens.net dans 240 secondes.
+====== Partitionning and formatting ======
-[12:51] == mode/#franciliens.net [+b *!webchat@EF99D60C.6A694E56.394F442.IP] by abitbolg4458
-[12:52] <@yhargla> https://wiki.labriqueinter.net/doku.php?id=howto:install_sata
+First, you have to prepare the drive. You will need at least one partition for the system (the ''root'' or ''/'' partition), and possibly others for folders containing user data, such as ''/home'' and ''/var''. Let's keep it simple for now, with everything (except ''/boot'' of course) on the same partition.
+to create a partition on your disk, run ''cfdisk /dev/sda''. The tool should be self explanatory - you should remove any existing partition, then create a //primary partition// with the number //1//. When asking for the start and end of the partition, just use the default values and the partition will fill the whole disk.
+Now, you should have a file called ''/dev/sda1''
+To format your new partition, just run ''mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1''
+====== Changing the boot configuration ======
+When booting, your cube needs to know where to find the root partition. To do so, edit the file ''/etc/default/flash-kernel''
+in this file, replace ''root=/dev/mmcblk0p1'' ("the root partition is on the SD card") with ''root=/dev/sda1'' ("the root partition is on the drive").
+Now, run ''flash-kernel''. This will regenerate the ''/boot/boot.scr'' file. You may open this file and check if the line ''root=/dev/sda1'' is in there.
+You will also need to modify ''/etc/fstab'' to match the desired configuration:
+<code>
+/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot ext4       defaults        0       1 # /boot on the SD card
+/dev/sda1 / ext4                defaults        0       1 # root on SATA drive
+</code>
+====== Stop services ======
+You should stop this service before to proceed the copy, else there is a risk your mysql database to be corrupted.
+<code>
+root@yunohost:/media# service nginx stop
+root@yunohost:/media# service mysql stop
+root@yunohost:/media# service postfix stop
+root@yunohost:/media# service rmilter stop
+root@yunohost:/media# service dovecot stop
+</code>
+====== Copying ======
+Now you have to copy everything from the SD card to the disk. ([[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Full_system_backup_with_rsync#With_a_single_command|source]])
+<code>
+mkdir -p /tmp/sata
+mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/sata
+rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} / /tmp/sata
+</code>
+Now, your SATA drive contains a complete copy of your system, but one important thing is missing: your kernel is in ''/tmp/sata/boot'', but this folder should actually mount /dev/mmcblk0p1, which already contains the system you are currently running.
+<code>
+cd /tmp/sata
+mv boot boot.old
+mkdir boot
+mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 boot
+rsync -av boot.old/ boot/
+</code>
+Now, the ''/boot'' of the new system exists alongside the ''/'' of the old system.
+====== Rebooting ======
+Now, cross your fingers and reboot your cube. Or the other way around if it's too hard to type.
+Can you log into your cube ? Congratulations ! It worked !
+====== Cleaning up ======
+Now, your old system is cluttering the ''/boot'' folder. To clean it up, you can remove everything in this folder, and reuse the ''/boot.old'' copy we did earlier.
+<code>
+cd /boot
+rm -rf * # /!\ proceed carefully /!\
+mv /boot.old/* .
+rmdir /boot.old
+</code>
+Everything should be fine now !
+An alternative approach: remove everything from ''/boot'', then run ''update-initramfs -u''. This will regenerate everything necessary inside ''/boot''.